Which of the following practices can help reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs)?

Proper skin antisepsis is a critical measure in reducing the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). The skin is not sterility itself, and it contains a variety of microorganisms that can cause infections if they are introduced into deeper tissues during a surgical procedure. When skin antisepsis is performed correctly, it helps to significantly decrease the microbial load on the skin surface. This is typically achieved through the application of antiseptic agents capable of effectively reducing skin flora prior to an incision. The thorough cleansing and antiseptic preparation of the surgical site before the procedure set an important foundation for infection prevention.

In contrast, preoperative shaving of surgical sites can increase the risk of SSIs due to potential micro-abrasions on the skin that may allow pathogens to enter the body. Administering antibiotics after surgery is ineffective for preventing SSIs since antibiotics are most beneficial when given prophylactically before or at the time of the surgical incision. Identifying fewer instruments needed for surgery does not directly address the risk of infection; rather, it may focus on efficiency and workflow without impacting microbial control.

Overall, proper skin antisepsis is a proven and essential best practice in minimizing the likelihood of surgical site infections and is supported by evidence-based guidelines in infection control.