Which factors are known to increase the risk of healthcare-associated infections in patients?

The correct choice identifies several key factors that are widely recognized in the literature as increasing the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Advanced age is significant; older adults often have a higher burden of comorbidities and may have a decline in immune function, making them more vulnerable to infections.

Diabetes is another critical factor; patients with diabetes can have impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections, particularly those involving the skin and urinary tract. Immune suppression, whether due to conditions such as HIV/AIDS or from treatments like chemotherapy, directly diminishes the body’s ability to combat infections. Furthermore, patients who experience extended hospital stays are at greater risk due to increased exposure to potential pathogens in healthcare environments and the invasive procedures that are often necessary during prolonged treatment.

In contrast, the other answer choices do not address recognized risk factors for HAIs. Regular exercise and a balanced diet are generally associated with better overall health rather than increased risk of healthcare-associated infections. Frequent handwashing and using personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential practices for preventing HAIs but are not factors that increase the risk themselves. Lastly, younger age and shorter hospital stays generally correlate with lower risk for HAIs, given that both are typically associated with a healthier immune system and